The Career Of Communication By Dr. Robert Harrison Essay

Careers in Communication COM 499 – Independence Study Directed by Dr. Robert Harrison In life, there are times when we choose our challenges and other times when the challenges simply choose us – Travis Roy. I don’t remember what happened to me, I was told I was hit by a car. I was placed in a medically induced coma, for a month. Slowly, the doctor lowered the sedatives to see how I can breathe on my own, within six weeks everything was removed. I woke up; there were family and friends around my hospital bed. I was confused because I had no idea what happened. Mom and Uncle Ray told me stories about how angry I was and would try to get out of bed. I’m still angry because I haven’t come in person with the person that changed my life around in just a few seconds. Mom told me, Forgive. I’m not there yet. I’m sure one day I will but for right now I have to focus on my career. There are times when I’m depressed and don’t want to be bothered. I just want to walk again. I’m thankful I have been given a second ch ance at life. I’m grateful for the host of family and friends whom supported me through prayers, emotionally, morally and financially. I know it was the grace of God, and my will to live. As far as my career goals; there are two areas in which I would exercise my communication skills in: Basketball coaches or Deaf Service Specialist. What inspires and motivates me the most is sports. I love basketball. When I’m on the fields, I think about nothing but winningShow MoreRelatedA Day I Was Hit By A Car Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesOdell Armwood COM 499 Independent Study Dr. Robert Harrison 7/20/2015 In life, there are times when we choose our challenges and other times when the challenges simply choose us – Travis Roy. I don’t remember what happened to me, I was told I was hit by a car. I was placed in a medically induced coma, for a month. Slowly, the doctor lowered the sedatives to see how I can breathe on my own, within six weeks everything was removed. I woke up; there were family and friends around my hospital bedRead MoreThe Challenges And Other Times2639 Words   |  11 PagesOdell Armwood COM 499 Independent Studies Dr. Robert Harrison 5/29/15 Travis Roy said, â€Å"There are times in our lives when we choose our challenges and other times when the challenges simply choose us. It is what we do in the face of those challenges that defines who we are, and more importantly, who we can and will become.- I don’t remember what happened to me, I was told I was hit by a car. I was placed in a medically induced coma, for a month. Slowly, the doctor lowered the sedatives toRead More Managing Diversity Essay1812 Words   |  8 Pagesto the company rather than their cultural homogeneity. Lastly, it means working with a management team to help them understand that cultural diversity is a business issue, and their own careers will benefit from enabling their employees to reach their full potential (Managing Diversity†, 1999). According to Dr. R. Roosevelt Thomas Jr., author of Beyond Race and Gender (1997), the problem of diversity is not limited to questions of race, gender, ethnicity, disabilities and sexual orientation. DifferencesRead MoreManaging Diversity1891 Words   |  8 Pagesto the company rather than their cultural homogeneity. Lastly, it means working with a management team to help them understand that cultural diversity is a business issue, and their own careers will benefit from enabling their employees to reach their full potential (Managing Diversity, 1999). According to Dr. R. Roosevelt Thomas Jr., author of Beyond Race and Gender (1997), the problem of diversity is not limited to questions of race, gender, ethnicity, disabilities and sexual orientation. DifferencesRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesWarren, James M. Reeve, Jonathan Duchac (SM+TB) Accounting, 25th Edition_Carl S. Warren, James M. Reeve, Jonathan Duchac (SM+Excel Template Solutions) Accounting, 2nd Edition_Michael Jones (SM+TB ) Accounting, 9E_Charles T. Horngren,Walter T. Harrison, Jr,M. Suzanne Oliver (SM+TB) AccountingPrinciples_8e_Kieso (TB) Administrative Medical Assisting, 7th Edition_Linda L. French, Marilyn T. Fordney (TB) Adolescence, 9e_Laurence Steinberg (TB) Adolescence,1e_Ian McMahan ( IM+TB) Adult DevelopmentRead MoreCommunication Studies A Independent Study Essay4295 Words   |  18 Pages Odell Armwood May 29, 2015 Communication Studies 499- independent study Dr. Robert Harrison From early childhood, we have been taught the importance of the statement that honesty is the best policy. Yet we often see stories in the news about politicians and other public figures deceiving others. In this three-credit independent study, Odell Tamir Armwood will look for instances in which public figures have betrayed public trust. Moreover, he will attempt to identify how they attempted to justifyRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace Essay3304 Words   |  14 Pagesthan their cultural homogeneity. Lastly, it means working with a management team to help them understand that cultural diversity is a business issue and not a personal issue, and their own careers will benefit from enabling their employees to reach their full potential (Managing Diversity†, 1999). According to Dr. R. Roosevelt Thomas Jr., author of Beyond Race and Gender (1999), the problem of diversity is not limited to questions of race, gender, ethnicity, disabilities and sexual orientation. DifferencesRead MoreRole of Training and Development in an Organization4665 Words   |  19 Pageshe try to teach organizational members a new inventory of knowledge which they then transfer to the job situation. Using theory and methods drawn from such behavioral sciences as [ (industrial/organizational psychology]], industrial sociology, communication, cultural anthropology, administrative theory, organizational behavior, economics, and political science, the change agents main function is to help the organization define and solve its own problems. The basic method used is known as action researchRead MoreThe American Transcontinental Railroad3299 Words   |  14 Pagesabolitionist who was used as a model for Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Additionally, Hopkins was a cofounder of the California Republican Party alongside Stanford. Although he had legal training, he never decided to pursue a law career, but instead decided to go into bookkeeping and selling farming implements. Hopkins was thus asked to become the head bookkeeper and treasurer for the Central Pacific Railroad. Charles Crocker, similar to Stanford and the rest of the Big Four, wasRead MoreCase 29 Panera Bread Company: Rising Fortunes?25159 Words   |  101 PagesMAXIS BERHAD COMPANY PROFILE Maxis Berhad, with its consolidated subsidiaries (together, Maxis ), is the leading mobile communications service provider in Malaysia with over 11.4 million mobile subscribers as of 30 June 2009. Maxis was granted licences to operate a nationwide GSM900 mobile network, a domestic fixed network and an international gateway in 1993. It commenced its mobile operations in August 1995 and launched its fixed line and international gateway operations in early 1996. Since

American Film History 1930-60 Free Essays

The chief technological innovation during the 1930s was the development of deep focus cinematography. Deep focus involved the expansion of depth of field, resulting in images that maintained sharp focus from objects in the extreme foreground to those in the distant background. Deep focus was achieved by filming with extremely wideangled lenses whose apertures had been stopped down. We will write a custom essay sample on American Film History 1930-60 or any similar topic only for you Order Now This sort of cinematography was made possible by a variety of developments in related fields of film technology. In 1939 the introduction of lens coatings, which permitted 75 per cent more light to pass through the lens to the film inside the camera, enabled cinematographers to decrease the lens aperture an additional stop, facilitating greater image definition. The results of these developments can be seen in Orson Welles’ Citizen Kane (1941). This and other films which were shot in exteriors took advantage of relatively short focal-length lenses and abundant sunlight to produce ‘deep’ images. According to this new code, the film stock’s greater sensitivity to the full range of colours signified a greater realism. On Citizen Kane the Toland style is most pronounced, most systematically and effectively employed, and most widely recognized. Although he had been refining his methods in the films with Wyler and Ford, Toland had yet satisfactorily to combine his technical and stylistic interests within a single picture. He saw Citizen Kane as a chance to experiment on a large scale. In a June 1941 article in Popular Photography entitled â€Å"How I Broke the Rules on Citizen Kane†, Toland related that ‘the photographic approach †¦ was planned and considered long before the first camera turned’, which was itself ‘most unconventional in Hollywood’, where cinematographers generally have only a few days to prepare to shoot a film. Robert L. Carringer, in his indepth sudy of the production, writes that Welles and Toland ‘approached the film together in a spirit of revolutionary fervor’, and that ‘Welles not only encouraged Toland to experiment and tinker, he positively insisted on it’ (Nowell-Smith 45). The work indicated something of a shift to a more documentary-style realism. Citizen Kane was, then, an opportunity for Toland to make flamboyant deep focus identified with his own work. Welles had come to Hollywood with no professional film experience, and (according to Welles) Toland had sought out the Kane assignment. After the filming was completed, Toland was at pains to claim several innovations. For greater realism, he explained, many sets were designed with ceilings, which required him to light from the floor. Since the sets were also deep, he relied on the carrying power of arc lamps. Furthermore, since Welles and Toland had decided to stage action in depth, Toland sought great depth of focus by using Super XX film, increasing the lighting levels, and using optically coated wide-angle lenses (Bordwell 45). The result shifted the traditional limits of deep space. In yielding a depth of field that extended from about eighteen inches to infinity, Toland’s ‘pan-focus’ made it possible to have a sharp foreground plane in medium shot or even close-up and still keep very distant background planes in focus. Fifty years on, Kane remains contentious. French critic Andre Bazin, who saw it in 1946 at the same time as Italian neo-realism, argued that its extensive use of deep focus promoted the reality of the phenomenal world of the film, but subsequent critics have noted that the film is also highly self-conscious, artificial, and even baroque. The use of deep focus was not unique, and director of photography Gregg Toland had already experimented with it on other productions. Welles’s role as ‘author’ of the film has also been hotly contested, notably by Pauline Kael (1974), who argued, probably incorrectly, that the script was solely the work of Herman J. Mankiewicz. But even if Kane was not completely novel in its structures or techniques, it remains the fact that these techniques are masterfully integrated in the film’s complex texture. Bazin, for example, argued that Citizen Kane was a film of high quality in that it was a film of realism. Realism was an axiom of his aesthetic position. But the statement which links this axiom with the specific aesthetic judgement of Citizen Kane raises problems. The realism of the film, Bazin argues, derives from its use of deep-focus photography and minimal cutting. Such techniques minimize fragmentation of the real world. The trouble is that this could be a definition of realism as nonfragmentation, or an assertion that films employing such techniques are perceived as more real. The latter, unlike the former, is open to empirical test, although Bazin uses it as a selfevident aesthetic judgement. Thus, although there is nothing inherently wrong with the argument, it does involve different sorts of statements with consequent different criteria of adequacy. Bazin does share a considerable admiration for the achievements of Italian neo-realism; in particular. And yet Bazin rarely falls into the trap of seeming to formulate a puritan aesthetic which will include neo-realism at the expense of all else. Unlike Kracauer (formally, at least) he admits to different forms of realism. Thus, for example, the distinction he draws between the ‘documentary’ realism of Scarface and the ‘aesthetic’ realism of Citizen Kane, both forms allegedly finding their unification in La Terra Trema (Bordwell 90). This willingness to speak of different types of realism can lead to problems in interpreting his position. In Signs and Meaning in the Cinema, Wollen takes to task two contemporary inheritors of Bazin’s views (Barr and Metz) over their opposition of Rossellini and Eisenstein. The villain for Bazin, he points out, was not Eisenstein, but German Expressionism. But the real problem is that at different times, and in different ways, Bazin occupies both positions. He starts life invoking a case similar to Kracauer’s in favour of a ‘purist’ realism. But this proves too limiting for his much more catholic tastes, and so he also develops a second case as spatial realism. Unfortunately, he never really brings the two conceptions face to face; never really resolves the strains between them. It seems useful here to take a closer look at these basics of his argument: The realism of the cinema follows directly from its photographic nature. Not only does some marvel or some fantastic thing on the screen not undermine the reality of the image, on the contrary, it is its most valid justification. Illusion in the cinema is not based as it is in the theatre on convention tacitly accepted by the general public; rather, contrariwise, it is based on the inalienable realism of that which is shown. All trick work must be perfect in all material respects on the screen. The `invisible man’ must wear pyjamas and smoke a cigarette (Bazin 108). Andre Bazin puts Welles in his pantheon of realist directors, along with Renoir, Rossellini, De Sica, Stroheim, Flaherty, and even Murnau (whom he praises for choosing the moving camera over editing in the construction of many of his filmic scenes). Yet Citizen Kane is also a film in the tradition of German Expressionism. Like Murnau, Welles externalized the subjectivity of his characters (and especially of Kane) by means of psychologically charged settings, acute camera angles, distorting lenses, and disconcerting camera movements (Tudor 56). The demented architecture of Xanadu in the mist-enshrouded shots at the beginning of the film recalls Howard Hawks’ Scarface (1932). Near the end of the film both Susan and Kane are dwarfed by the oversized ornaments and statuary that furnish Xanadu, and serve as external projections of Kane’s inner deadness and mindless materialism. The gargantuan rooms through which their voices echo—they nearly have to shout at each other to be heard—reflect the distance that has grown between them. When Kane steps into an enormous blazing fireplace and informs Susan that â€Å"Our home is here,† he metaphorically becomes the host of hell. After Susan leaves him, Kane, now utterly alone, wanders past a structure of double reflecting mirrors which reflect his image into infinity. As far as he looks, all he can see are images of himself, a perfect physical representation for a man trapped within his own narcissism. Welles also used extreme camera angles and strange camera movements in conjunction with his expressive mise-en-scene. In the year of its release, Citizen Kane was a radically experimental film—fully twenty years ahead of its time—and was widely recognized as such by American critics. Citizen Kane is surely the most celebrated and analyzed of all English language films and, arguably, the greatest – at least as measured by periodic surveys of critics and scholars. We saw that in the 1940s a realist aesthetic somewhat modified classical practice. This was conceived as partly an ‘objective’ verisimilitude, especially of setting and lighting. Location shooting, taken in conjunction with low-key (‘mood’) lighting, helped define one distinct postwar cinematographic practice. This practice did not fundamentally violate classical principles of causal and generic motivation. This conception of ‘realism’ also owed something to a standardization of deep-focus shooting. Certain traits became common to many ‘realistic’ films of the 1940s and 1950s. Finally, Bazin sees both forms of realism in spatial realism of Welles. Certainly Citizen Kane preserves the unity of space through Toland’s deep-focus photography. Certainly the cuts are minimized by use of dissolves and joins across the soundtrack. But Welles is, nevertheless, the true inheritor of expressionism, the specialist in the distortion by camera angle, the mysterious shadows once painted but now created through lighting, the grotesque, and the baroque. Works Cited Bazin, Andre, What is Cinema? op. cit. Bordwell, David, The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style Mode of Production to 1960. Routledge: London, 1988. Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey The Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997. Tudor, Andrew, Theories of Film. Viking Press: New York, 1974. How to cite American Film History 1930-60, Papers

Indigenous Health Care Policies and Approach †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Indigenous Health Care Policies and Approach. Answer: Introduction The universal human rights declaration advocates for the right to good health, it states that everyone is entitled to get the care they need, at any time they need it in a friendly way that makes them feel comfortable and to eventually achieve the desired results that are worth the value of their money. The indigenous people in Australia include the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. These people have often been sidelined in many ways including; access to good health care, education, resource allocation, employment opportunity among others (Smith, 2016). Despite the fact that they are indigenous people and the fact that they are different, they are also the origins of Australia and they, therefore, have equal rights to access government or public resources like any other Australian. Attitudes to individuals play a major role it can adversely affect peoples perception of an individual or a certain group of people, for example, the attitude towards the indigenous people makes them feel inferior, and rejected. These attitudes can create hatred or even enmity between groups of people or individual. On the other hand, collective responsibility brings together the community. Collective responsibility involves individuals, groups, society and the community working together as one group. With collective responsibility compared to individual responsibility, it recognizes everyones origin and it makes everyone feel part and parcel of a community and this can easily help in the improvement of the indigenous people's health care because they are part of the community and; therefore, have the rights to public resources like any other person. Integrated aspect means putting together or rather bringing things or people to work or live together; therefore, integrated approach to health policy means that the policies should be tailored in a way that it doesnt leave out anyone or a group of people, it should be all-inclusive. Advantages of having an integrated approach to health care policies include: a sense of belonging, with the integrated approach to health policy, will bring together the indigenous people and make them feel like part of the community and this will make them feel a sense of belonging. The second advantage is that the indigenous people will be able to access better healthcare just like other Australians and this will, in turn, improve their health conditions. The third advantage is that there will be better provision of health care facilities and social amenities and this will improve the social conditions of the indigenous people. Lastly, the integrated approach to health policy will include good sanitati on, clean water for the indigenous people thus improving their environmental conditions. The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan which runs from the year 2013-2023 provide a long-term framework with its main intention is to bridge the gap on the disadvantages of the indigenous. The government should understand that for a socio-economic development to take place in the indigenous regions, the health status and standards of living of the indigenous people must be improved. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people do not have the same opportunities to live healthy as other Australians, for example, the inaccessibility to the mainstream services, which are supposed to be accessed by all Australians has been misappropriated to serve only the non-indigenous people. You find that in other parts of Australia there are adequate health facilities as opposed to the indigenous areas. There is access to medical health care for conditions like obesity to other Australians but not for the indigenous people and this clearly, shows that its the majority bei ng given the priority and the minority left on their own. Conclusion Having government, local communities, Non-Governmental Organizations and others fight for the right of the indigenous peoples is likely to create a great impact on the indigenous peoples health than having them fight for their own rights (Austin-Broos Merlan, 2017). Every Australian citizen is entitled to good health care are all entitled to the rights and privileges within their government system without discrimination. References Austin-Broos, D. J., Merlan, F. (2017).People and change in indigenous Australia. Smith, J. D. (2016).Australia's rural, remote and Indigenous health: A social determinant perspective.

Sports Chalet Marketing Plan

Introduction Marketing communication strategies are important in aligning a company towards the target market in order to achieve optimal sales. The main determinants of a successful marketing communication plan lies in the proper brand alignment and research on segmentation.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sports Chalet Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to achieve the desired goals, positioning ensures clear difference of a company’s products from the existing products of its competitors. The strategic plan should internalize the aspects of business vision, mission, values, communication plan, and a balanced scorecard. Thus, this reflective paper will attempt to review the business and marketing environment of the Sport Chalet Company. Company description The Sport Chalet Company has been in operation for the last six decades. The company operates in the sports apparel industry and has fifty one stores spread across the U.S. The main categories of products retailed in this company include men’s wear, women’s wear, team sports gear, shoes, and solo sports gear. Among the most visible sports brands that are featured in the Sport Chalet store are Diamondback, Adidas, Nike, Premcor, and Columbia. The company specializes in sporting goods for sporting activities such as football, camping, Scuba, basketball, fitness, and swimming among others. In addition, the store has expanded it scope of operation to include rental services for sports and adventure equipment. The store features properly arranged sections for each category of the apparels it stocks (Sport Chalet, par. 2). The Sport Chalet store has grown over the years into relatively new markets and customer segments across the U.S. From its humble beginning in La Canada, the company expanded into Huntington Beach and other parts of Southern California. Following the success of its team and sol o sports gear products, the company expanded into the consultancy services and Scuba classes. The company has been active in the NASDAQ since the year 1992. Sport Chalet boasts of a very dynamic and talented workforce. The company has introduced an online shopping platform which has become very popular in the last five years. The company has been facing competition from establishments such as the Adventure 16, Dick’s Sporting Goods, and the Sports Authority companies (Sport Chalet, par. 5).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rationale for developing a marketing communication plan for the company The Sport Chalet will eventually need to embrace more traditional media marketing in order to keep growing, especially when targeting clients. In order to effectively reach such audience, the proposed marketing communication plan will suggest the best advertisement strategie s to cover its wide market area (Cheverton 21). Through the proposed marketing communication plan, the Sport Chalet will become a global brand that is preferred by most sports enthusiasts. The company will definitely have to branch out beyond its target market due to the brand dynamics and the need to expand market base. The company will have to decentralize its marketing strategies to meet the specific demands or consumer behaviour if it decides to implement internalisation strategies that will be proposed (Cheverton 41). These aspects influence the need to carry out a comprehensive marketing communication plan the Sport Chalet Company. Conclusion The Sport Chalet Company is positioned to reap heavily from the recommendations that will be in the proposed marketing communication plan. Despite its wide market, there is need to counter competition and ensure business sustainability. Currently, the market dynamics discussed above should be skewed to optimise the company’s produc t performance. The strategies to ensure business sustainability will be presented in the proposed marketing communication plan. Works Cited Cheverton, Philip. Key marketing skills: Strategies, tools, and techniques for marketing success, London, UK: Kogan Page, 2004. Print.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sports Chalet Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sport Chalet. About Us. 15 Sep. 2014. Web. This case study on Sports Chalet Marketing Plan was written and submitted by user Lea Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Der Spinnst Fuhrer essays

Der Spinnst Fuhrer essays In the days of the depression, countries needed strong leaders. But very few countries were acctually able to obtain such skill. But one man stepped forward, and he turned Germany's economy completely around casuing it to be the first to escape the depression. Hitler was this awesome icon, whom saved Germany and was loved by all of Germany in return. Almost everyone knows of his atrocities during World War Two, but few know why he was able to do this. Hitler's complex childhood and even more so complex adult hood caused his choices to be erratic and by in far misinformed. Perhaps we should take a look into his life. Starting with his childhood. A young catholic school boy lives with his parents and only sister in the country side of Austria. Noone ever expected what he was to do with his life. Adolf was born to Alois Schickelgruber and Klara Hitler in Braunau on April 29th 1889. He had two other siblings, one of whom died at birth, the other not very long after. Alois was a customs official, illegitimate by birth, and Klara was simply a housewife. Hitler had a very stable childhood, even though his father was quite strict. But still his childhood was not as innocent as it may have seemed. When Hitler was 3, his family moved to Germany and lived on the Germanic bank of the Inn river. Soon after, his family moved near a Benedictine monestary, which had a Swastika on it's coat of arms. This is where it is believed he had taken the symbol for use in his Nazi flag. In 1903, Alois died after suffering a pleural hemorrhage, and Klara developed terminal breast cancer three years later. Hitler suffered an infection of the lung aswell, he blamed his father, or rather the jewish in his father, for this and most of his problems. Hitler would also constantly read anything he could get his hands on, pamphlets, books, magazines, and would event sit in on parliment meetings. He even went to th...

An Example of an Introduction

Body of Essay An Example Of How To Construct A Six Step Paragraph Step one: Write a lead in sentence that refers back to the essay topic It is the intention of this paragraph to analyse how and when Drug Inc. enior managers can deal with resistance to change, downsizing and casualisation of non-core employees. Step Two: Cite expert opinion to support your upcoming cause and effect analytical example. Kotter Schlesinger (1979), as cited in Wood et al. , (2006:504), argues that there are six ways to deal with resistance to change namely education and communication, participation and involvement, support and facilitation, negotiation and agreement, manipulation and cooptation and explicit coercion. Step Three: Write a measurable cause and effect analytical example Drug Inc. top managers have decided to downsize and casualise its non-core workforce to reduce labour costs and introduce internet selling as part of its operations. However, these changes can impact on employees and may lead to a decrease in job satisfaction, absenteeism, morale, uncertain and fear of future employment. Therefore the Drug Inc. managers implement its changes by implementing a strategic planned change management approach that deals with resistance to change processes. Step Four: Cite expert opinion to support your analysis of the advantages of: Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), argues that the key advantages of managers and change agents being actively involved in managing change is that they are able to inform employees about the impending change being planned with open and honest communication, and by expressing the reason for downsizing. In stage 2 the remaining employees should be involved in redesigning and improving their job roles and responsibilities. In stage 3 Drug Inc. generous remuneration offers should be made to the survivors of the downsizing to highlight how valued they are by management. In addition Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), also argues that the Drug Inc. needs to provide stress management, skill assessment, career counselling, workplace placement programs while training programs should also be provided to the remaining employees, in an effort increase their confidence and skills in performing new job roles. Step Five: Cite expert opinion to support your analysis of the disadvantages of: Whereas, Dawson, (1996), as cited in Saka (2002), argues that the key disadvantage of managers and change agents not communicating to employees the impending threat of downsizing and job redesign may result in an increase in rumours that leads to an increase in staff absenteeism, a decline in staff morale and loyalty that could ultimately result in an increase in staff turnover of highly talented and core employees. Step Six: Write a concluding sentence (or two) that summarises the key point(s) contained in the paragraph In conclusion, resistance to downsizing within the Drug Inc. organization can only be overcome if employees concerns are dealt with openly and honestly and the survivors new job roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and opportunities for training and development and advancement are explained to each employee on an individual basis. An example of how to write an excellent paragraph This is a repeat of the previous page but in the correct paragraphing format) It is the intention of this paragraph to analyse how and when Drug Inc. senior managers can deal with resistance to change, downsizing and casualisation of non-core employees. Kotter Schlesinger (1979), as cited in Wood et al. , (2006:504), argues that there are six ways to deal with resistance to change namely education and communication, participation and involvement, support and facilitation, negotiation and agre ement, manipulation and cooptation and explicit coercion. Drug Inc. top managers have decided to downsize and casualise its non-core workforce to reduce labour costs and introduce internet selling as part of its operations. However, these changes can impact on employees and may lead to a decrease in job satisfaction, absenteeism, morale, uncertain and fear of future employment. Therefore the Drug Inc. managers implement its changes by implementing a strategic planned change management approach that deals with resistance to change processes. Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), argues that the key advantages of managers and change agents being actively involved in managing change is that they are able to inform employees about the impending change being planned with open and honest communication, and by expressing the reason for downsizing. In stage 2 the remaining employees should be involved in redesigning and improving their job roles and responsibilities. In stage 3 Drug Inc. enerous remuneration offers should be made to the survivors of the downsizing to highlight how valued they are by management. In addition Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), also argues that the Drug Inc. needs to provide stress management, skill assessment, career counselling, workplace placement programs while training programs should also be provided to the remaining employees, in an effort increase their confidence and skills in performing new job roles. Whereas, Dawson (1996), as cited in Saka (2002), argues that the key disadvantage of managers and change agents not communicating to employees the impending threat of downsizing and job redesign may result in an increase in rumours that leads to an increase in staff absenteeism, a decline in staff morale and loyalty that could ultimately result in an increase in staff turnover of highly talented and core employees. In conclusion, resistance to downsizing within the Drug Inc. organization can only be overcome if employees concerns are dealt with openly and honestly and the survivors new job roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and opportunities for training and development and advancement are explained to each employee on an individual basis. An Example Of A Conclusion In conclusion, the key issues identified within the KD Transport case study are John the Managing Director’s autocratic leadership style, his autocratic decision making style and involvement in job analysis and job redesign in preparation for downsizing non core job roles. In order to overcome the issues identified in KD Transport, these issues should be addressed efficiently. The first key problem identified is that John the Managing Director of KD Transport should be ready to change his traits and behaviours to overcome the problems facing at the moment due to his autocratic leadership style and autocratic decision making. The first key recommendation is that John adopts more participative leadership style over the current autocratic leadership style because it is likely to result in creative and innovative ideas, employee involvement in decision making that generate a broad range of actions that could be considered for implementation. The second key problem identified in the case study is that John the Managing Director should involve fellow managers and employees in the decision making process. The second key recommendation is that John adopts participative decision making where the Managing Director seeks input from other managers and employees and it is likely to result in increased employee satisfaction, improved staff loyalty, increased productivity and more informal efficient decision making outcomes. The third key issue identified is that John should involve HR personnel in job analysis and job redesign process. The third key recommendation is that John the Managing Director seek the involvement of HR Personnel or a HR consultant in employee downsizing, job analysis and job redesign process because HR personnel have the expertise to conduct job analysis and identify which job roles should be downsized and which employees and job roles should survive in order to achieve short term as well as long term organizational goals and objectives. Furthermore, the HR personnel has the expertise to design a training and coaching process for the survivors of the re-organisation process at KD Transport to perform the new job roles and responsibilities as a result of the job redesign process that occurred with the amalgamation of three warehouses into one. Finally, John the Managing Director should take all the aforesaid factors into consideration in order to facilitate the smooth running of the business and over come the current problems that KD Transport is experiencing. An Brief Example Of A Bibliography (A bibliography must be in alphabetical order of authors cited) References: Compton, R. , Morrissey, W. , and Nankervis, A. , (2006), Effective Recruitment and selection practices, 4th edition, CCH Aust Ltd, Sydney Deresky, H (2008), International Management: Managing across borders and cultures, 6th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. Fish, A. , Bhanuogopan, R Cogin, J. , (2008), ‘Value orientations as predicators of cultural and business impact’, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 30-48. Fu, P. , Yukl, G. , (2000), ‘Perceived effectiveness of influence tactics in the United States and China’, Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 2. pp. 35-55. Hayes, D. , Ninemeier, J. , (2008), Human Resources in he Hospitality Industry, John Wiley Sons Inc How To Cite Textbooks And Journals In Your Bibliography Citing textbooks in your bibliography is as follows: Surname, Initial of Christian Name, (Year of Publication) Title of Textbook, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication. Citing journals in your bibliography is as follows: Surname, Initial of Christian Name, (Year of Publication), Title of journal article, Name of journal article, Volume, Issue Number, Page Numbers. An Example of an Introduction Body of Essay An Example Of How To Construct A Six Step Paragraph Step one: Write a lead in sentence that refers back to the essay topic It is the intention of this paragraph to analyse how and when Drug Inc. enior managers can deal with resistance to change, downsizing and casualisation of non-core employees. Step Two: Cite expert opinion to support your upcoming cause and effect analytical example. Kotter Schlesinger (1979), as cited in Wood et al. , (2006:504), argues that there are six ways to deal with resistance to change namely education and communication, participation and involvement, support and facilitation, negotiation and agreement, manipulation and cooptation and explicit coercion. Step Three: Write a measurable cause and effect analytical example Drug Inc. top managers have decided to downsize and casualise its non-core workforce to reduce labour costs and introduce internet selling as part of its operations. However, these changes can impact on employees and may lead to a decrease in job satisfaction, absenteeism, morale, uncertain and fear of future employment. Therefore the Drug Inc. managers implement its changes by implementing a strategic planned change management approach that deals with resistance to change processes. Step Four: Cite expert opinion to support your analysis of the advantages of: Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), argues that the key advantages of managers and change agents being actively involved in managing change is that they are able to inform employees about the impending change being planned with open and honest communication, and by expressing the reason for downsizing. In stage 2 the remaining employees should be involved in redesigning and improving their job roles and responsibilities. In stage 3 Drug Inc. generous remuneration offers should be made to the survivors of the downsizing to highlight how valued they are by management. In addition Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), also argues that the Drug Inc. needs to provide stress management, skill assessment, career counselling, workplace placement programs while training programs should also be provided to the remaining employees, in an effort increase their confidence and skills in performing new job roles. Step Five: Cite expert opinion to support your analysis of the disadvantages of: Whereas, Dawson, (1996), as cited in Saka (2002), argues that the key disadvantage of managers and change agents not communicating to employees the impending threat of downsizing and job redesign may result in an increase in rumours that leads to an increase in staff absenteeism, a decline in staff morale and loyalty that could ultimately result in an increase in staff turnover of highly talented and core employees. Step Six: Write a concluding sentence (or two) that summarises the key point(s) contained in the paragraph In conclusion, resistance to downsizing within the Drug Inc. organization can only be overcome if employees concerns are dealt with openly and honestly and the survivors new job roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and opportunities for training and development and advancement are explained to each employee on an individual basis. An example of how to write an excellent paragraph This is a repeat of the previous page but in the correct paragraphing format) It is the intention of this paragraph to analyse how and when Drug Inc. senior managers can deal with resistance to change, downsizing and casualisation of non-core employees. Kotter Schlesinger (1979), as cited in Wood et al. , (2006:504), argues that there are six ways to deal with resistance to change namely education and communication, participation and involvement, support and facilitation, negotiation and agre ement, manipulation and cooptation and explicit coercion. Drug Inc. top managers have decided to downsize and casualise its non-core workforce to reduce labour costs and introduce internet selling as part of its operations. However, these changes can impact on employees and may lead to a decrease in job satisfaction, absenteeism, morale, uncertain and fear of future employment. Therefore the Drug Inc. managers implement its changes by implementing a strategic planned change management approach that deals with resistance to change processes. Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), argues that the key advantages of managers and change agents being actively involved in managing change is that they are able to inform employees about the impending change being planned with open and honest communication, and by expressing the reason for downsizing. In stage 2 the remaining employees should be involved in redesigning and improving their job roles and responsibilities. In stage 3 Drug Inc. enerous remuneration offers should be made to the survivors of the downsizing to highlight how valued they are by management. In addition Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), also argues that the Drug Inc. needs to provide stress management, skill assessment, career counselling, workplace placement programs while training programs should also be provided to the remaining employees, in an effort increase their confidence and skills in performing new job roles. Whereas, Dawson (1996), as cited in Saka (2002), argues that the key disadvantage of managers and change agents not communicating to employees the impending threat of downsizing and job redesign may result in an increase in rumours that leads to an increase in staff absenteeism, a decline in staff morale and loyalty that could ultimately result in an increase in staff turnover of highly talented and core employees. In conclusion, resistance to downsizing within the Drug Inc. organization can only be overcome if employees concerns are dealt with openly and honestly and the survivors new job roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and opportunities for training and development and advancement are explained to each employee on an individual basis. An Example Of A Conclusion In conclusion, the key issues identified within the KD Transport case study are John the Managing Director’s autocratic leadership style, his autocratic decision making style and involvement in job analysis and job redesign in preparation for downsizing non core job roles. In order to overcome the issues identified in KD Transport, these issues should be addressed efficiently. The first key problem identified is that John the Managing Director of KD Transport should be ready to change his traits and behaviours to overcome the problems facing at the moment due to his autocratic leadership style and autocratic decision making. The first key recommendation is that John adopts more participative leadership style over the current autocratic leadership style because it is likely to result in creative and innovative ideas, employee involvement in decision making that generate a broad range of actions that could be considered for implementation. The second key problem identified in the case study is that John the Managing Director should involve fellow managers and employees in the decision making process. The second key recommendation is that John adopts participative decision making where the Managing Director seeks input from other managers and employees and it is likely to result in increased employee satisfaction, improved staff loyalty, increased productivity and more informal efficient decision making outcomes. The third key issue identified is that John should involve HR personnel in job analysis and job redesign process. The third key recommendation is that John the Managing Director seek the involvement of HR Personnel or a HR consultant in employee downsizing, job analysis and job redesign process because HR personnel have the expertise to conduct job analysis and identify which job roles should be downsized and which employees and job roles should survive in order to achieve short term as well as long term organizational goals and objectives. Furthermore, the HR personnel has the expertise to design a training and coaching process for the survivors of the re-organisation process at KD Transport to perform the new job roles and responsibilities as a result of the job redesign process that occurred with the amalgamation of three warehouses into one. Finally, John the Managing Director should take all the aforesaid factors into consideration in order to facilitate the smooth running of the business and over come the current problems that KD Transport is experiencing. An Brief Example Of A Bibliography (A bibliography must be in alphabetical order of authors cited) References: Compton, R. , Morrissey, W. , and Nankervis, A. , (2006), Effective Recruitment and selection practices, 4th edition, CCH Aust Ltd, Sydney Deresky, H (2008), International Management: Managing across borders and cultures, 6th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. Fish, A. , Bhanuogopan, R Cogin, J. , (2008), ‘Value orientations as predicators of cultural and business impact’, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 30-48. Fu, P. , Yukl, G. , (2000), ‘Perceived effectiveness of influence tactics in the United States and China’, Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 2. pp. 35-55. Hayes, D. , Ninemeier, J. , (2008), Human Resources in he Hospitality Industry, John Wiley Sons Inc How To Cite Textbooks And Journals In Your Bibliography Citing textbooks in your bibliography is as follows: Surname, Initial of Christian Name, (Year of Publication) Title of Textbook, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication. Citing journals in your bibliography is as follows: Surname, Initial of Christian Name, (Year of Publication), Title of journal article, Name of journal article, Volume, Issue Number, Page Numbers.

FINAL WRITING PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

FINAL WRITING PROJECT - Research Paper Example As a result, defendants do not have full access to their rights under the Sixth Amendment. Strickland v. Washington in 1984 depicts the problem of ineffective assistance. The US Supreme Court designed a two – prong test to set a standard for when counsel interfered with the rights of the defendant under the 6th Amendment. Despite the legal successes, practice is different. Missouri State Public Defender System (MSPDS) is a case of a system where public defenders are overworked, underpaid and insufficiently trained. This paper will first depict the development of the legal framework mandating every indigent defendant a right to counsel under the 6th Amendment. The cases Gideon v. Wainwright and Betts v. Brady will be discussed. Then, problems with effective counsel will be described and legal cases will be cited. The main case used will be Strickland v. Washington. Finally, MSPDS will be examined to argue that public defenders do not have adequate resources to properly prepare a case. Data on salaries, ratio of staff members and turnover rates will be used. John M. Walsh will be used as an example of an overworked defense attorney who ended up hurting not only his client, but also his entire career. The history of the 6th Amendment is often tracked to Gideon v. Wainwright. The case is important as the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of the petitioner, thus setting a precedent for all other courts across the USA. After Gideon v. Wainwright, every indigent defendant could refer to one’s rights established by this case. This case opened the door to other cases dealing with issues not directly pertaining to the right to counsel. These issues involve effective counsel and at what stage of the trial is the defendant entitled to receive assistance free of charge. Following paragraphs will describe how Gideon started the entire process by demanding access to his rights. Gideon was charged with and convicted of a misdemeanor. He â€Å"was charged in a

Fashion Waves in Information System Research Article

Fashion Waves in Information System Research - Article Example However, there are many that state that the information research is not based on the newest innovations and ideas as most expect. Instead, it is a fashion wave, or fad, that continues to emerge in society and among institutes. This is based on needing to manage and continuously create new ideas, information and components without providing newer innovations to the audience. The examination of information research theories shows that fashion waves and fads are stronger elements than the expected elements of innovation. The challenge then becomes based on questioning the management of information research as well as the processes which are used to create and alter the available information research. This research paper will examine the theories based on fashion waves and information research. It will also examine a magazine which provides IS and determine if there are fashion waves, specifically in areas such as decision making, end user computing, management of IS, innovation and impl ementation. When looking at these aspects, there is an indication that fashion waves emerge dependent on the decade, interest in theories and topics which create a response from culture, as opposed to providing new information and segmented research that is required for a given time. Keywords: information research, IS, management of information, research management 1.0 Introduction ... This research paper will examine whether there are fashion trends as well as what impact these have in emerging information research. These will be furthered with an understanding of how this is impacting information research and what this means in terms of growth and development for information services. From empirical evidence and various theories, it is found that fashion waves are based on cultural affiliations and trends, as opposed to true innovation and research. Various areas of interest continue to emerge while creating interest not based on the information research but instead through trends that are popular and of interest toward each time frame. 2.0 Background The concept of fashion waves and fads in information services is one which has been examined and redefined by a variety of theorists. This literature review will look at the definitions and examination of fashion and fads as well as how this is affected by literature. This will be combined with an understanding of t he different theories which have expanded on this idea and how this relates to the different concepts of information services. The background will look at the theories which continue to affect the idea of fashion and the trends which are a part of the IS areas, specifically with justifications of this particular area of study as well as how the different fashion trends in IS continue to prevail with the trends that are continuing to lead the information services area. 2.1 Fashion in Research’s Definition The concept of information services and research is one which is traditionally looked at with opportunities, innovation and building into new ideologies

Managing change paper III Essay Example for Free

Managing change paper III Essay Managing Change Part III Electronic Arts is one of the leading video game developers within the gaming culture. With development sites located in Canada, Florida, Texas, and Louisiana EA has arguably become the mainstay in the gaming world and should remain competitive within that market for years to come. During this essay members from Team A will discuss the appropriate change model that should be applied to Electronic Arts in regards to incorporating change within the organization. Next, the team will provide a step by step explanation of that model, and which model they selected for this organization. In addition, Team A will develop a communication plan for that change as well as how the three variables apply to EA. At the end of the essay the team will recap what was discussed. A change model is a tool that can be applied to the functioning of an organization. Change models capture the most important features that determine the function of an organization. Models are developed with specificity to an organizations culture. Models are useful in simplifying complex situations and making them more manageable. A model can also help identify areas within the organization that needs more attention (Akin, Dunford, Palmer, 2006). In relation to EA Sports, the most relevant to the current culture is the six-box model developed by Marvin Weisbord. Focus is placed on the relationship among the variables without singling out and concentrating on one individual part but on the entire model. The current culture of EA Sports is conducive to enhancing their employees work environment. Using the first three variables of the six-box model, which are purpose, structure, and rewards can further enhance the capabilities of the company to motivate employees and satisfy customers. These variables, such as the purposes states or defines what business the company is in. EA Sports is a gaming company that manufactures games for video gaming systems, such as Play Station, and Xbox 360. The structure helps to sort out the division of the work among teams to complete projects. EA Sports encourages employees to go big, take risks, and take the initiative to show leadership skills. The rewards variable can assist the company in recognizing what incentives should be given employees for what tasks and the scope of those incentives (EA corporate, 2013). Applying these three variables of the six-box model can help the company improve future operations. The six box model for Electronic Arts is as followed: Communication Change Plan: Six Box Organizational Model Electronic Arts Inc. Organization Planned Change Effort Purpose: Electronic Arts Inc. company communication for a planned change effort, this transition initiative will take place throughout the next six months all employees and departments participation and attention is required and effective dates will be announced in the up and coming future. Audience: All Electronic Arts Inc. employees and departments (corporate officials, managers, supervisors, and associates. Strategy: There is a good reason for this change or transition initiative. In the past years company corporate officials at EA Inc. have been experimenting and testing new processes for the Electronic Arts organization and for its 9,300 plus employees. After years of analysis and experimental studies results show us that a new initiative for the company called the six box organizational model is the most successfully tested model for company implementation. This model has been discussed with company officials, different groups of current associates, and many other managers and supervisors from each of the individual departments. Reasoning: †¢As managers—indeed as members of the Electronic Arts Inc. organization in any capacity—we carry around in our heads our own views as to â€Å"how things work,† â€Å"what causes what,† and so forth, within our organization. In this sense, diagnosis exists whether or not explicit diagnostic models are used (Akin, Dunford, Palmer, 2006). †¢Although these views may not be explicitly stated, as implicit models they still have a powerful capacity to guide how we think about situations that we face in our company, how we talk about those situations, and what we deem to be appropriate courses of action (Akin, Dunford, Palmer, 2006). †¢The apparent option of EA Inc. not using a model is not a real option; the choice is whether EA Inc. should use one that is explicit or one that is implicit. †¢While implicit models may  provide valuable insights based on accumulated experience, they do have limitations. First, they are likely to be based on the limited experience of one or a few employees at EA Inc.; thus, their generalizing ability may be uncertain. Second, because they are implicit, it is difficult for other employees to be aware of the framework/assumptions within which decisions are being made (Akin, Dunford, Palmer, 2006). Blueprint for New Structure of Change Six Box Organizational Model Representation 1.Purposes: What business are we in? The Business of Gaming. 2.Structure: How do we divide up the work? Teamwork through departmental cooperation. 3.Rewards: Do all tasks have incentives? Yes, EA prides itself on employee recognition. 4.Helpful mechanisms: Have we adequate coordinating technologies? The best the world has to offer and while making new progress with new technologies every day. 5.Relationships: How do we manage conflict among people? With technologies? EA Inc. manages conflict from the point of origin EA works with involved parties to insure the best resolution possible for the best of the parties involved and for the overall good of the company. Technological conflict is managed and monitored by our EA company officials working closely with our EA ethics department to insure that our clients and customers are happy with all products and safe from harm thanks to new and current regulations. 6.Leadership: Does someone keep the boxes in balance? This new implementation will have a new system of checks and balancing. This new system will also include positions for auditing which will be pursued through external sources that company officials have compiled. This transition will be modeled by all leadership within the company so no employee should feel left out. Example: EA Inc. recognizes a visual representation of the six box organizational model is as akin to a radar screen: â€Å"Just as air controllers use radar to chart the course of aircraft—height, speed, distance apart and weather—EA Inc. is seeking organizational improvement and must observe relationships among the boxes and not focus on any particular blip. † That is, while one variable might be identified as the department requiring the greatest attention, the systemic effect of any change must be noted (Akin, Dunford, Palmer, 2006). Future Formats: Alongside our visually appealing change plan model, we will, if necessary, employ more direct leadership both internally and externally to assist with any changes. We are very much interested in trying this more grassroots approach first, however, as we believe the outside-the-box qualities it possesses are perfect indicators of current company structure weakness. EA Inc. does not believe or foresee any company mishaps in this mass company endeavor. Closing: This project is a chance to let the EA Inc. organizational employee team and department’s creativity shine! Thinking of low-budget ways to improve company protocol shows leadership and effectiveness from all chain of command within the company. The departments with the best adaptability to the new company initiative will receive bonuses, rewards, and more. Weisbord’s last three variables are helpful mechanisms, relationships, and leadership. EA’s helpful mechanisms, which question their coordinating technologies, are one reason EA is of the leading sports entertainment brands in the world. EA has award winning interactive technology programs and cross-platform digital experiences. EA is an official Sports Technology Partner with Premier League and through this partnership and involvement with official match data; EA has developed unique match study tools to improve the knowledge and viewing experience of fans around the world. In addition, EA can measure player’s input to the success of his or her team using objective measures with an in-depth statistics matrix called Player Performance Index (Barclays Premier League, 2013). Dedicated to striving for excellence in technology, EA has also launched their new Ignite technology. This technological change is to build a code base for games to draw from when they are being developed. This will prevent the repeat of past events by adding specific codes to one of EA’s sports game series, like Madden, and many times that technology did not flow over to other game franchises because the team responsible for that specific game develops the changes to the game. EA will use Ignite technology for four next-generation sports titles, which are FIFA 14, EA Sports UFC, Madden NFL 25, and NBA Live (Dean, 2013). The next variable is relationships, which questions how EA manage conflict among people. As with any organization, EA do not tolerate conflict. If the parties involved cannot peacefully resolve conflict, certain employees are in place to handle any conflict that may arise. At EA, the parties involved determine who will handle the conflict. The first stage will be supervisors or department managers if the employees  are both of lower levels. Afterwards the problem will be the responsibility of human resources if the conflict involves management. It is in the best interest of the company and all parties involved to respond quickly to conflict and try to reach an acceptable solution (Scott, 2013). The management of technological conflict occurs among employees. When someone finds something wrong, this individual will report the problem to proper personnel. The last variable is leadership, which questions does someone keep the boxes in balance. At EA, every position is important to the organization. Regardless if it is the receptionist taking care of the customers or clients, the production coordinator working on a game, management trying to meet deadlines, or executive employees keeping up with the flow of the business; without each employee providing the skills at the highest level of excellence the company will not be what it is today. Therefore, the boxes are kept in place by the dedication of each employee not just one (Electronic Arts, 2008). This essay focused on the gaming company Electronic Arts. During this essay members of Team A provided a six box model to help incorporate any change that may be necessary for EA. The team also explained what a change model is and how it captures the most important features of a company. Next, the team provided an example of how the six box model would work with EA. Before concluding the team discussed Weisbord’s three variables (mechanisms, relationships, and leadership) and how they would fit within this organization. References: Akin, G., Dunford, R. Palmer, I., (2006). Managing organizational change: a multiple perspectives approach, 1e. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Barclays Premier League. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/commercial/ea-sports.html Dean. (2013). Nextpowerup Beta. Retrieved from http://www.nextpowerup.com/news/2981/eas-ignite-technology-to-improve-every-sports- game.html EA Corporate, (2013): Retrieved from: https://careers.ea.com/teams/corporate/ Electronic Arts. (2008). Retrieved from, http://jobsdev.ea.com/about/roles/role.aspx?id=8 Scott, S. (2013). Chron. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/human-resources-conflict-resolution-10432.html

Hamlet: Emotions of Despair, Sadness, Anger, and Inner Peace :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet: Emotions of Despair, Sadness, Anger, and Inner Peace The character of Prince Hamlet, in Shakespeare's "Hamlet," displays many strong yet justified emotions. For instance, in Hamlet's "To be Or Not To Be" soliloquy, perhaps one of the most well known quotes in the English language, Hamlet actually debates suicide. His despair, sorrow, anger and inner peace are all justifiable emotions for this troubled character. Hamlet's feeling of despair towards his life and to the world develops as the play moves on. In Hamlet's first soliloquy he reveals that his despair has driven him to thoughts of suicide; "How weary (horrible) †¦ His law 'gainst self slaughter." Likewise, when Hamlet talks to his friends, Rosenerantz and Guildenstern in Act 2 scene 2, Hamlet wishes they tell the King and Queen that he has "lost all mirth," in this world so "foul and pestilent." In his "To be or not to be" soliloquy, he expresses his despair through thoughts of suicide, suggesting that suicide is an easy way to end life's conflicts. But luckily he concludes that the fear of an unknown afterlife is what keeps us living. All of Hamlet's thoughts of despair can be understood when one looks at the horrible conflicts Hamlet goes through. Sorrow, perhaps the most evident emotion, is very well developed throughout the play. Initially, the only cause of Hamlet's sorrow is his father's death. However, after reading Act 1, scene 2, we see in Hamlet's asides that another source of his melancholy is his mother's hasty marriage to Claudius, the new king of Denmark. Further, when Queen Gertrude asks her son why his father's death "seems" so important, he replies, "Seems, madam? Nay it is. I know not 'seems'." In addition, Shakespeare reveals another source of sadness; now Hamlet is alone, with the most loved character in his life, Ophelia, rejecting him. This cause is well brought out in Hamlet's soliloquy in which he states; "Now I am alone. O, what a rouge and peasant slave am I!" Finally, when Hamlet discovers that Ophelia has died, new reasons for Hamlet's extreme feelings of sorrow are added. In fact, his sorrow is so great that "Forty thousand brothers/Could not (with all their quantity of love) Make up my sum." Thus, Hamlet's well developed sadness, is reasonable throughout the play. Unfortunately, Hamlet's thoughts of mourning are replaced by those of anger. Most readers of Hamlet agree, to some extent or another, that Hamlet is well justified in expressing anger. Perhaps the first incident of Hamlet's true expression of anger is during his scene with the ghost in Act

Australia-China Relationship

The following presentation shall be a major discussion on the different relationships that bind Australia and China, which also includes their economic, political, and education as well as the development of the said relationship between the two nations.Relationship between China and AustraliaIt was 1909 when China offered a proposal Of trade-based relationship with Australia, however, it was only during the year 1921 when Australia formally accepted the invitation to trade.The political change in China during the year 1941 however makes it harder for Australia to support the said trade relationship. The political stiffness in China has been a hard-to-deal-with situation for the Australian economic system, considering that Australia adapted to the democratic system of social government.(Lynch, 1989)Because of the above situation, it was December 1972 when the two countries signed a diplomatic agreement noting that although a trade relationship exists between the two countries, both a reas are to be free of being mandated by either of their political set up’s dictation on each countries’ private situations. (Murphey, 1996)At present, the relationship of China and Australia is made stronger through the regular communication that exist between both county’s administrative sections.The assurance of each other’s security in the relationship has made China the second top partner of Australia in terms of trade and political standing in the global situation. (Selden, 1979)As the years of progress in the international trade continues to advance, the relationship between Australia and China appears to step up towards a better situation that most likely ensures the loyalty between both countries’ situation as with trade and political trust.A Focus on the Political RelationshipFrom this discussion, it could be observed that the relationship of both countries have been primarily affected by the third parties that involved other situations t hat have affected the relationship of China [primarily] with other countries such as the United States.America has been mainly trying to change the relationship with China as a partner to becoming a competitor when the military group of the said country was noted by the US government as a spy. As a result, the relationship that China had with Australia was almost jeopardized. (Terrill, 2003)To fix the issue, both China and Australia tried to arrange their mutual understanding through fixing the different misunderstandings that have been evident in their relationship because of the situations mentioned herein. (Sang Ye, 2006)The situations were further fixed to regulate the relationship and as of now, the arrangements have made it possible for the two major economic assets of the global trade to have a considerable connection between each other in terms of social and economical progress. (Thurston, 1994)A Focus on Trade and Economic Stability between China and AustraliaIn terms of tr ade, it is essential that Australia and China have an understanding with regards the relationship that exists between them especially with regards economic stability.

Johnathan Swift “A Modest Proposal”

Swift, Jonathan. â€Å"A Modest Proposal. † 100 Great Essays. New York penguin Academics: New York. 2008. Pages 669-677 Print. [Summary] A Modest Proposal is mainly about Jonathan Swift’s sarcastic idea of keeping the children of poor people from being a burthen to their parents, or the country, and for making them beneficial to the public: which is what the rest of the pamphlet is named. The point is to ironically attempt to â€Å"find out a fair, cheap, and easy Method† for converting the starving children of Ireland into â€Å"sound and useful members of the Commonwealth. † All across the country poor children, mostly Catholics are living in poverty because their families are too poor to keep them fed and clothed. The author argues, by hard-edged economic reasons as well as from a â€Å"self-righteous moral stance†, for a way to turn this problem into its own solution. The proposal was to fatten up these undernourished children and feed them to Ireland's rich land-owners. Children of the poor could be sold into a meat market at the age of one, he thinks, that even though he is up against overpopulation and unemployment, sparing families the expense of child-bearing while providing them with a little extra income, improving the culinary experience of the wealthy, and giving a little back to the overall economic wellness of the nation. He offers statistical support for his assertions and gives specific data about the number of children to sell, their weight and price, and the projected consumption patterns. He suggests some â€Å"recipes for preparing this delicious new meat†, and he feels sure that â€Å"innovative cooks† will be quicker to make more. He also hopes that the practice of selling and eating children will have positive effects on family morality: â€Å"husbands will treat their wives with more respect†, and â€Å"parents will value their children in many ways unknown†. The main point is that the impact of this project will do more to solve Ireland's complex social, political, and economic problems than any other measure that has been proposed. [Style Analysis] Through the effective use of sarcastic comparisons and ironic exaggerations, Swift manages to show his cutting wit in a manner and to an extent that was virtually never before known or experienced in literature. Although the subjects, or targets, of his sarcasm are different, the genius in his method of employing it is sort of similar. The irony and sarcasm obviously in the title alone is a perfect example of the power of wonderful satire but another strong example is where Swift speaks of the selling of babies as food, saying, â€Å"I grant this food [children] will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children. † This is a powerful statement disguised as a blind following of the speaker’s philosophy when really, it addresses the fact of the awful matter of England. This ironic narrator can tell the reader with coldness about how the skin of children can be used like leather to make†¦ â€Å"admirable gloves for ladies and summer boots for fine gentlemen,† Swift gives such subtle and witty language that the reader is almost inclined to not notice the obvious deplorable aspects and to agree with his arguments. The skillful irony that Swift gives throughout the proposal is mostly clear in the reasoning of his arguments. Also Near the beginning , Swift explains that â€Å"it is agreed by all parties† that the overpopulation of children is a problem that is â€Å"a very great additional grievance† to the current â€Å"deplorable state† of Ireland. He further states:†. . . and therefore whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation. This is a positive and potentially beneficial suggestion. It is just not until further along in the text, that Swift's true proposal becomes clear. However, the language that he gives again masks the ugly of its reality. Swift casually says that an â€Å"acquaintance† of his has promised him that â€Å"a young, healthy, and child well nursed, is at a year old a most delicate, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled†. He then quickly adds, â€Å"and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout. Although the language is clear, it is at odds with its tone. Before ending the proposal, Swift states an â€Å"unsarcastic† statement. It reads:†Therefore I repeat, let no man talk to me of these and the like expedients, till he hath at least some glimpse of hope that there will ever be some hearty and sincere attempt to put them into practice. † [Personal Response] I more than enjoyed myself reading Jonathan Swift’s pamphlet â€Å"A Modest Proposal. † It just blew me away the way he used such whit to create such a wonderful satirical piece such as itself. At first he seems to be totally objective to the original severe economical problem set in front of us all. Yet he shows no mercy towards the subject. Swift uses such a serious tone; if one didn’t know what type of writing was being read, one could be easily fooled to think Swift’s proposal was indeed for real. The statement the interested me the most was, â€Å"After all, I am not so violently bent upon my own opinion as to reject any offer proposed by wise men, which shall be found equally innocent, cheap, easy, and effectual. But before something of that kind shall be advanced in contradiction to my scheme†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I enjoyed reading this part because, although here Swift gives leigh weigh to others who wish to comment on the matter he says something different this time, he refers to his, once, proposal as now a â€Å"scheme†, very thought provoking for me. As I said, I enjoyed it and I look forward to reading more of Swifts works.

Robert Smith essays

Robert Smith essays Redhook Ale Brewery is a company that started in 1981 by Paul Shipman. He is the president, CEO, and Chairman of the Board. His goal was to provide American Consumers with a flavorful, quality, European style beer. The company grew in the mid 1980s and major growth occurred as new production facilities were opened in 1989. Redhook Ale Brewery and Anheuser-Busch started working together in 1994. There were declining profits and sales in 96, 97, and 98. Their strategy was to provide a high quality beer through differentiation and with a strategic alliance with Anheuser-Busch. Their objectives were to grow and achieve a high market share in the craft beer market and to maintain the production of this beer in company owned breweries. Financial strength as Anheuser-Busch made 25% investment after investment Continuously lowered debt to equity ratio Organizational strengths are top managements ability and expertise in the food and beverage industry There is synergy between management and employees The company is community oriented The emphasis in distribution and product repositioning They have an effective marketing mix Purchase from few suppliers at competitive prices They have a weak stock performance There target market is very selective No mass media advertising is used Increasing number of craft beer drinkers Trends toward national distribution are being made Growth opportunities in the South National breweries make up 93% of sales in domestic beer Companies with high volume production can obtain cheaper ingredients and are pasteurized. Competition has mass media advertising ...

The conflict of duties owed to the state and duties owed to conscience Research Paper

The conflict of duties owed to the state and duties owed to conscience - Research Paper Example The gravity of the conflict at this point is underpinned by the fact that Creon, the new ruler of Thebes, had just decreed that as a rebel brother, Polyneices’ body was not to be accorded proper and holy funeral rituals on one hand. In this light, Polyneices’ body was to be neglected in the battlefield, as carrion for scavengers and worms. On the other hand, because of the persuasion that her brother Polyneices deserves to be buried, Antigone is compelled by her conscience to burry Polyneices, despite the death penalty which may accompany this act. To show that all odds are against Antigone’s persuasion that Polyneices is granted proper burial, all the Theban Elders and the Sentry have pledged their support to support Creon and Creon’s edict concerning Polyneices’ body. Thus, in intending to have Polyneices buried, Antigone is actually going against the duties and dictates of the Theban state. Unlike Antigone, Ismene is not able to overcome the fear of capital sentence (Riley, 101). The truth above corresponds with that of the civil rights activist, Martin Luther King, Jr. Despite all the obstacles that had been placed against civil rights activism for the African American. The obstacles against engaging in civil rights activism for racial equality was imperiled by possible detentions, intimidating investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (the FBI at the time had formed COINTELPRO) and even possible violent ambush by white supremacist groups (Sussman, 43). On one hand were these state-orchestrated dangers as a real threat and as a reason for Martin Luther King Jr. not to engage in civil rights activism. On the other hand, was Martin Luther King Jr.’s strong and indubitable persuasion that the African American and other people of color had the right to be treated with dignity. King’s noble belief in racial equality prevailed over these dangers and setbacks and ultimately even over the love for his own life (Amin, 156). Again, according to Seamon, to show that the conflict of duties owed to the state and duties owed to conscience are a thematic reality in Antigone, Antigone and her sister Ismene are imprisoned temporarily, when they neither deny having engaging in Polyneices’ burial, nor shown any remorse for the act. It is also made clear that Antigone could eventually lose her life and the love of her life, Haemon. However, all these setbacks, however serious they are, do not shake or dissuade Antigone’s resolve at all. This is because Antigone and Ismene totally believed that it was right to burry Polyneices (Seamon, 279). The development immediately above parallels that of Martin Luther King Jr. King was totally convinced that African Americans and other people of color were equal to white Americans and as such, had to be treated equally in all spheres of human existence, public and private. Just like Antigone, King was also subjected to incarceration. King was arrested in 1963 and sent to Birmingham City Jail. Like Antigone, King lost his freedom, his character was assassinated (King was subjected to smear campaigns which portrayed him as a communist ideologue, an adulterer and as a man so controversial that only suicide could absolve him of his problems and controversies.

Charles I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Charles I - Essay Example full term at the helm of the throne, and the conflicts that characterized his term, emanating from his perceived loyalty to the Catholicism, leaving the Protestants to feel aggrieved. The conflict with the parliament soared so high to the point of having the structure of leadership change after his execution and the parliament ruled without the monarch, when fifty-nine among the commission of judges signed a death warrant and committed him to be executed (Hibbert, 273). While covering the life story of Charles I, the book has also sought to give the backgrounds that led the King to act in the manner he acted in different situations of his leadership, seeking to create a full understanding of the life and the circumstances that surrounded the life of the King. This book covers an important aspect of the history of England, most especially by delving deeply into the aspect of the conflict between the parallel systems of leadership; the monarchial system and the parliamentary system. Additionally, the book covers the core of the emergence of a constitutional monarchy while also highlighting the role that religion has played to influence the politics of England throughout its history. Thus, this subject needs to be covered, so that it can create deeper insights into the history of the conflicts between parliamentary system and the monarchial system and the reason as to why the two parallel system works in present day without much of a conflict. Through this subject, the history of religion and religion conflicts also will be understood, thus creating an understanding of religion and how it has shaped religion, thus enabling an appreciation how things work the way they work in present day. The thesis of this book points to the idea that; Charles I was not suited to the throne when assessed by his physical appearances, and neither was his father King James. Because of the negative things that he was perceived to have done to some people, which deprived them of their

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 2

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example Here it has to be mentioned that the organization chosen happens to be Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is a publicly traded company since 1971 and the largest retailer in the country of U.S. Effect of Globalization and Technology Wal-Mart was founded by Sam Fulton in the year 1950 and in the year 1971 the company was listed as a publicly traded company. By 1990 the company had exhibited phenomenal success in the domestic market as it became the largest retailer in the nation. Wal-Mart went global for the first time in the year 1994 when the company decided to enter Canada and since then there has been no turning back. Today Wal-Mart has total of nine thousand and seven hundred units. Out of this more than five thousand units are international units. Globalization presented Wal-Mart the challenge of entering into new countries like China and Brazil having diverse cross cultural differences. But it also presented the opportunity to generate a lot more revenue and reach economies of scale. From the performance of the company it can be easily seen that the company has nullified the risks and utilized the opportunities to the fullest extent. The statistics speak for themselves. Today Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world. Globalization has helped the company to enter emerging markets like China, Brazil, etc. and take control of the untapped market. In short globalization has been one of the key reasons for the phenomenal success of the company (Wenderoth, 2009). Position Retailer Name 1 Wal-Mart 2 Carrefour 3 Tesco 4 Metro 5 Kroger Source: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited and STORES Media Another major change in the modus operand of the company has been the embracement of technology. It is quite needless to say that with the rise in the usage of energy round the globe, the world is likely to go through the phase of power shortage. Therefore, a lot of companies are looking to use renewable energy resources. This is also potential branding activity. Wal-Mart has been a pio neer in the usage of the modern day technology to take advantage of the use of renewable energy resources. Wal-Mart uses HVACS to reflect sunlight that reduces heat to cool the buildings. Another major change has been use of the internet. Due to rise of the use of internet, it has also become a potential marketing and sales channel. Wal-Mart has been able to develop strong digital presence both in terms of the website and social media platform. The company also provides opportunity for the customers to buy products online. Industrial organization and Resource Based model for Wal-Mart Industrial organization Model The industrial organization adds to the competitive model real life frictions such as the limited information, transaction cost and barrier to entry. Wal-Mart has been able to achieve economies of scale through the everyday low price model which has in turn acted as the potential barriers to entry. Also the globalization has helped the company a lot in becoming a market lea der. The Wal-Mart stores are also geared towards the low income customer groups (Henry, 2008). Resource Based model The resource based model of the company can be analyzed through the resource capability analysis using the VRINE model. The company has decided to focus on some capabilities such as international acquisitions, store design, supply chain and the introduction of analytics to create value for the customers. The

Contracts Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contracts - Coursework Example The consultant’s documents were submitted on time, planning permissions gained and quotes received from various contractors. The project was awarded under NEC3-ECC conditions of contract. The Project duration was agreed to be 26 months and payment to the contractor through interim valuations. The project was delayed due to late payment, lack of workmen on site, work behind schedule and late project administrator’s instructions. The contention between the parties was about payment, contractual standing of contractor’s program and principle guiding claim and dispute resolution. The project ran into great difficulties after the 10th month, accusation were exchanged, agreed payments not made and the workmen were pulled off site by the contractor which led to dispute. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 General Principle of Construction contracts 4 Dispute resolution guidelines 5 Comparable Analysis of NEC3-ECC, JCTO5 SBC/Q 6 NEC3- ECC 8 JCTO5 SBC/Q 9 Clear Difference 10 Recommended Approach 11 References/Bibliography 14 Introduction AOS Development is a national housing development company in Edinburgh and has embarked on eighty housing units developments in Skye, Scotland. The consultant’s documents were submitted on time, planning permissions gained and quotes received from various contractors. ... The project ran into great difficulties after the 10th month, accusation were exchanged, agreed payments not made and the workmen were pulled off site by the contractor which led to dispute. It should be noted that the case did not specify the order in which the causes of delay accrued on the project site. Given the facts of the case each item will be taken in seriatim or in the order by which it was stated in the case. To illustrate: The case stipulated that the delay â€Å"was due to late payment, lack of workmen on site, work behind schedule and late project administrator’s instructions†. For purposes of this paper, it would be assumed that the delay in payment was the sole and primary reason for the lack of workmen on the site, since the amount that was due which would ideally be used to compensate the workers were not credited to the account of the contractor. This would leave the contractor no choice but to let go of the workers to prevent further losses in his co mpany. As a result of the delays in payment, which in turn resulted in the lack of workmen on the site, work will definitely be behind schedule. General Principle of Construction contracts Construction contracts define the relationship of all the parties concerned with the sole purpose and aim of completing the project on time or sooner while following the specification with fealty. In fine contracts not only define the relationship of all the parties concerned but contract also define the parameters of the obligation of each parties. As predicated contracts defines the relationship and the obligation of each party arising from the contracts (Savage & Jones Mitchell,

Crisis And Issues Faced By Toyota Business Essay

Crisis And Issues Faced By Toyota Business Essay This group project analyses the crisis and issues faced by Toyota Motor Corporation in late 2009 due to reports citing sudden unintended acceleration because incorrect floor mat placing and faulty accelerator that saw 9 million of their vehicles recalled worldwide. With these factors, we will look at what started the crisis and how it could have been prevented and solved. We will also put in a few of our recommendations that may help the crisis from happening again. COMPANY INTRODUCTION In 1933, being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was when Toyota started. The founder of Toyota was Kiichiro Toyoda, the son of Sakichi Toyoda. Under Kiichiro Toyoda, Toyota focused mostly on the production of automobiles. In his travels to Europe and the United States in 1929, Kiichiro Toyoda investigated various automobile production and begun his research on gasoline-powered engines in 1930. With the encouragement of the Japanese government, Toyodo Automatic Loom Works started to research and develop automobile production in hopes to increase sales of domestic cars. Toyota Motor Corporation was established as an independent and separate company in 1937. Toyota was committed to truck production for the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. The trucks had a simple design such has having one headlight in the middle of the hood. Today, Toyota is the seventh largest company in the world with production facilities in 28 nations around the world. Worldwide, it is also the second largest manufacturer of automobiles. In June 2006, Toyota had 52 overseas manufacturing companies in 27 countries outside Japan. Toyota markets vehicles in more than 170 countries and regions. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE The type of organizational structure adopted by Toyota Motors Corporation is divisional structure. Divisional Structure is made up of separate business units or divisions. Each of the divisions has a division manager who has authority over the unit and is responsible for performance. DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE Toyotas organizational structure is divided into four levels namely the Chairman, President, Executive Vice President and Senior Managing Directors Toyota Motors Corporation is headed by Fujio Cho, the Chairman of the Company. The President, Akio Toyoda, reports directly to the Chairman and has authority over the executive vice president. Each of the Executive Vice Presidents has different areas of responsibilities and has authority over their senior managing directors. These senior managing director report directly to the Executive Vice Presidents. Executive Vice President, Yukitoshi Funo is responsible for the operation in Asia, Oceania, Middle East, Africa and Latin America with the help of Senior Managing Director, Akira Okabe who is the chief officer (division manager). Executive Vice President, Atsushi Nilmi assumes responsibility over strategic production planning, production engineering and manufacturing. He oversees the operation in North America and China with the help of Akira Sasaki, Senior Managing Director, who is the chief officer (division manager) for the China operation group. Yoshimi Inaba is the Chief Officer for the North America operation group. Satoshi Ozawa will assume responsibility over Operation in Europe with the help of Senior Managing director, Yoshimasa Ishii who is the chief officer for the Europe Operation group. The organizational structure adopted by Toyota is relevant to the organization. As Toyota focus is very much on quality, dependability and value, the organizational structure of Toyota has enabled it to focus on both result and quality. The organizational structure also allows the headquarter staff to focus on long term strategic planning and improvement to product. DIAGRAM ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE COMPANY CULTURE One of Toyotas culture is outcome orientation. The organization has â€Å"strong beliefs in quality, dependability and value†which brings about the second culture of attention to detail. The organization depicts attention to detail by adopting â€Å"standardization of work in the manufacturing process. As the manufacturing processes are standardized, Toyota was able to focus their attention on the detail which helps to ensure quality.† 4This is in line with Toyotas culture of outcome orientation. The third culture is team orientation. â€Å"Toyota organized its workforce into teams and each team member is responsible for quality inspection, problem solving and generating ideas†4 for continuous improvement. The last culture of Toyota is innovation and risk taking. Throughout Toyotas history, the company has come out many types of motor vehicle. As the company involves itself in a certain level of risk taking, it has become one of the leading creators of motor vehicle. However, some of the Toyotas culture may be responsible for the crisis that happens in 2009. Because of standardization of work, the process of manufacturing gets repeated over and over again, making the job seem boring. This will cause the worker to lose concentration which resulted in a lapse of quality. The culture of continuous improvement may also have caused the crisis. As the company focuses on continuous improvement, they try out new ideas that have not been fully explored. For example to make a thing a certain way to improve the vehicle further, however, they fail to see that the improvement made to the vehicle might cause a problem. For this instance, the improper installation of the floor mat that result in the accelerator getting stuck and causing tragedy. In conclusion, Toyota still has a strong culture which has enable the company to become one of the most reputable companies for quality. THE CRISIS In late 2009, Toyota Motor Corporation saw 9 million of their vehicles recalled due to reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration. The sudden unintended acceleration (SUA) was the main crisis that Toyota faced; causing a chain of reaction that resulted in a series of other problems. Sudden unintended acceleration (SUA) occurs when the vehicle accelerates from a stationary position without the drivers intention or control. The reasons for it happening vary from driver error to faulty car parts. However, in Toyotas case, it was assumed that due to a trapped accelerator pedal when the drivers floor mat was incorrectly placed that caused the SUA. This assumption initiated the first recall on 2 November 2009. 5.2 million vehicles were affected. It was later found that a mechanical sticking of the accelerator pedal caused the unintended acceleration. Another 2.3 million vehicles were recalled for that problem. 1.8 million vehicles were found to have both the problems and were promptly recalled as well. In February 2010, a recall was also made for the hybrid anti-lock brake software. Although this was a recall different from the initial incorrect placement of the floor mat, it affected Toyotas image and brand name worldwide. With the economic downturn in 2009, Toyota faced a further financial problem with the recalls of the faulty vehicles. This resulted in the numerous jobs lost and shares plummeting in value by 15%. On 28 August 2009, Mark Saylor, an off-duty California Highway Patrol Officer, was driving on the highway with his family when his car, a Lexus ES350 unexpectedly accelerated without control. Upon collision with another car, it descended down an embankment and caught fire. One of the passengers called 911 while the car was speeding at over 100mph, reporting that the car has â€Å"no brakes†. All four were killed in the crash. Reports from Toyota and local authorities showed that the Lexus may have the wrong floor mats installed, causing it to meddle with the gas pedal. (motortrend.com/features/†¦/index.html) Further complaints stated that other several vehicles also experienced the SUA. Reports showed that these vehicles had a defect acceleration pedal. The vehicles affected were the Prius, Prius Plug in, Sei and Lexus HS 250h. Following the reports of faulty vehicles, falling consumer confidence on the Toyota brand and the fact that Toyota was trying to recover from the economic crisis of 2009, the company faced declining sales and decided on the suspension of sales for models of the affected cars and closed down six factories. This resulted in the loss of more than 6000 jobs. PROBLEMS LEADING TO THE CRISIS It has been suggested that due to Toyotas rapid growth and need to be the top between year 2000 and 2009, was the root problem that lead to the faulty vehicles and subsequently, the recall. The rapid growth and building of 17 new production sites as well as the over reliance on technology caused Toyota to forgo quality checks for some of their cars. Managers must aware of fast technology like equipment, tools or operating method that are designed to make work more efficient. Wakatsuki, a former assembly worker related how Toyota tested the safety and quality of only 60% of the cars produced. In the past, every car went through stringent checks and testing. Toyota didnt look into customer complaints and acted too slow when safety complaints came in. There were suspicions that Toyota knew about the faulty vehicles as early as September 2009, however, they only acted on the problems in January 2010. The organization should demonstrate Social Responsible Actions. There are the Social Responsibility, Social Obligation and Social Responsiveness. Social responsibility mean if the corporation must admit the mistake if they done something wrong. Such as milk powder that was sold by China. As it added Melamine in the milk powder. ALTERNATIVESTO RESOLVE CRISIS The main crisis was faulty acceleration pedals. Toyota decided that the best way to rectify the problem was to have the faulty vehicles recalled for repairs and proper checking. However, the decision to recall was not made immediately when there were early reports about the problem. There were reports stating that Toyota knew of the problems in September 2009 although the recall was only initiated on January 2010. While we agree that the recall was a good solution, it would have been better for Toyota to tackle the faulty vehicles the moment complaints started coming in. The company should not have tried to hide the reports in order to save their branding. Rectifying the problem immediately would have definitely prevented further problems and possible accidents. It would have also restored consumer confidence knowing that Toyota was prompt in reporting a problem with the cars and had plans to fix the problem. It was good to know that Toyota suspended sales and productions of the vehicle models that were suspected to be faulty, preventing more complaints and declining consumer confidence. Toyota admitted that for the past few years, they have been expanding its business rapidly and this growth has proven to be too quick for them. They may have over looked the priority of safety, quality and volume. All these according to Toyota have made them become confused. 6 RECOMMENDATIONS Although Toyota were eager to expand their business and grow their production, its critical that they keep their quality and safety in check. To meet the growing demand of their cars, Toyota might choose to open a plant in a country that allows the company to save costs on production and manpower. However, they have to ensure that qualified and skilled technicians are recruited to affirm that the cars produced are of good quality and safe for driving. â€Å"The corporation must adopt Single-use Plan during this critical time. This is a one-time plan which specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation.† Toyota may rely on new technology to help with the production of the vehicles. Although it may be cost efficient, it may not always be the best choice. Over reliance on technology was what caused the faulty acceleration pedals as Toyota took for granted the safety of the cars. Technicians would have done proper testing and safety checks have been done prior to the sale of the vehicle. There might have been some oversight by the checks done by machines. Manually checking of the vehicles would ensure that nothing is out of place. As the company is steadily growing, it should not forsake the employees welfare and health. Should employees be overworked, especially those in the production line, human errors may occur that will compromise on the quality of the car. With the recalls, technicians will be kept busy with repairs on the numerous vehicles. Overworked, fatigue will set in causing occasional human errors that may have been avoidable. Managers need to ensure that employees are given the right amount of work load and clearly explain the expectations needed for the work. Managers should also arrange a discussion with the non-managerial employees for their feedback on their work load. Should the work load be too much for the technicians to handle, Toyota can look into employing workers on a contract basis. This allows the work load to be divided equally and when things are under control, the contract staff will be relieved of their duties. Toyota should have Family-Friendly Benefits that provide a wide range of scheduling that allow employees more flexibility at work and accommodation theirs needs for work and life balance. The various teams in Toyota should practice better interaction. This way, problems faced in one team can be shared and discussed to maximize on the plans to face the problems. Toyota should also make it a point not to have any secrets or hidden agenda between teams and realize that the different teams are working towards a common goal: making Toyota a successful company. Manager needs to know the Parochialism. Managers only see things through their own eyes and from their own perspective. Different countries have different values, morals, customs, political and economic systems and laws. All these can affect the managing of the business. If a team faces consumer complaints, they must be quick to address it and not hide from the upper management and other teams. This is to prevent the problem from escalating and turning it to another crisis. This is known as Social Responsibility. When the vehicle model is a success to the consumers, the company should reward the employees for the work done. The rewards can be in monetary forms or organizing activities such as sewing classes, sports activities or a short holiday trip. This not only allows employees to distress, it also enables bonding. The recognition of good work will motivate the employees to strive harder in their job to give their best for the company. This is known as Social Responsiveness. Managers of Toyota should set Goals and develop Plans. The Traditional Goals were set by top managers and flow down through the organization and become sub-goals for each organizational area. And it must be a short-term plan with a time frame of one year to solve the crisis.